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$B!Z0zMQ![(J
1) Abe, M., T. Kodaka, M. YAMADA, S. HIGASHI: Three-dimensional computer
graphics of enamel prisms in human teeth. Jap. J. Oral Biol., 33: 337-387,
1991.2) Applebaum, E.: The arrangement of the enamel rods. New York State
Dent. J. 26: 185-188, 1960.
3) Boyde, A.: The Structure of developing mammalian dental enamel. In M.V.
Stack and R. W.$B!!(JFearnhead(eds.): Tooth Enamel, John Wright and Son LTD.,
Bristol, pp.163-167, 1965.
4) Boyde, A.: Correlation of ameloblast size with enamel prism pattern:
Use of scanning electron microscope to make surface area measurement.
Z. Zellforsch. 93: 583-593, 1967.
5) Erausquin, J.: The aspect of bands of Schreger in horizontal sections
of the enamel. J. Dent. Res. 28: 195-200, 1949.
6) Gustafson, G.: The structure of human dental enamel. A histological study
by incident, polarized light,phase contrast microscopy, fluorescence microscopy
and micro-hardnesstest. OdolTidskr (Suppl) 53: 1-150,1945.
7) Hanaizumi, Y., M. Wakita, H. Shimokobe: Three-dimensional orientation
and interrelationship of enamel prism of dog tooth. Jap. J. Oral Biol.
34: 1-14, 1992.
8) Hanaizumi, Y.: Three-dimensional changes in direction and interrelationships
among enamel prisms in dog tooth. Arch. Histol. Cytol. 55: 539-550, 1992.
9) Hanaizumi, Y., H. Shimokobe, M. Wakita: The Three-dimensional Structure
of Tomes' processes and their Relationship to Arrangement of Enamel Prisms
in Dog Teeth.$B!!(J Arch. Histol. Cytol. 57: 129-138, 1994.
10) Heuser, H.: Die struktur des menschlichen zahnschmelzes im oberflachistologischen
bild (Replica-technik) Arch. oral Boil. 4: 50-58, 1961.
11) Hirota, F.: Prism arrangement in human cusp enamel deduced by X-ray
diffraction. Arch. Oral Biol. 27: 931-937, 1982.
12) Kawai, N.: The bands of Schreger observed through the enamel surface.
Okajimas Fol. Anat. Jap. 26: 25-28, 1951.
13) ------ : Comparative anatomy of the bands of Schreger. Okajimas Fol.
Anat. Jap. 27:115-131, 1955.
14) Koenigswald, W. V., J. M. Rensberger, and H. U. Pretzschner: Changes
in the tooth enamel of early Paleocene mammals allowing increased diet diversity.
Nature 328: 150-152, 1987.
15) Lester, K. S.: The bands of shreger. Arch.oral Biol 10: 361-377, 1965.
16) Mortell, J. F. and F. A. Peyton: Observations of Hunter-Shreger Bands.
J. Dent. Res. 35:804-813, 1956.
17) Osborn, J. W.:The nature of the Hunter-Schreger bands of enamel. Arch.
Oral Biol. 10: 929-933, 1965.
18) -------: Three-dimensional reconstructions of enamel prisms. J. Det.
Res.46:1412-1419, 1967.
19) -------: Directions and interrelationships of enamel prisms from the
sides of human teeth. J. Dent. Res. 47: 223-232, 1968a.
20) -------: Directions and interrelationship of prisms in cuspal and cervical
enamel of human
teeth. J. Det. Res. 47: 395-402, 1968b.
21) -------: The relationship between the opical density of prism borders
in dog tooth enamel and the angle from which they are viewed. Arch. Oral
Biol.16: 1055-1059, 1971.
22) Risnes, S.: Enamel apposition rate and the prism periodicity in human
teeth. Scand. J. Dent.
Res. 94: 394-404, 1986.
23) Skobe, Z: The pathway of enamel rods at the base of human teeth. J.
Dent. Res. 59: 1026-1032, 1980.
24) Sundstrom, B.: Schreger bands and their appearance in microradiographs
of human dental
enamel. Acta Odont. Scand. 24: 179-194, 1966.
25) Suss, W.: Uber die Architekture des Schmelzes. Z.Zell-forsch. 30: 171-193,
1940.
26) Wakita, M., H. Tsuchiya, T. Gunji, S. KObayashi: Three-dimensional structure
of Tomes'
processes and enamel prism formation in the kitten. Arch. Histol. Jpn. 44:
285-297, 1981.
27) Wakita, M., S. Kobayashi: The three-dimensional structure of Tomes'
processes and the
development of the microstructural organization of tooth enamel. In: Suga
S(ed) Mechanisms of tooth enamel formation. pp 65-89, Quintessence Tokyo
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28) Wolf, J.: The comparative study on enamel:part 5. The prism orientation.
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1-11, 1938.
$B!ZIU?^@bL@![!!!!(J
{$B!!$?$@$$$^!"IU?^$O%$%s%9%H!<%k=`HwCf$G$9!#!!(J}
Fig.1
Light micrograph of a longitudinal ground section of a dog canine tooth
stained with hematoxylin, showing dark (D) and light (P) zones each consisting
of prisms cut transversely(diazone) or longitudinally (parazone) respectively.
$B!_(J180.
Fig.2
Scanning electron micrograph of a fractured surface of a dog molar tooth
fractured$B!!(Jparallel to the tooth axis, parazone (p) and diazone(d) of Hunter-Schreger
bands alternate at$B!!(Jequal intervals. E enamel. D dentin. $B!_(J270.
Fig.3
Diagram showing the direction of sectioning planes. A-plane(A):longitudinal
plane$B!!(Jparallel to the tooth axis. B-plane(B): horizontal plane perpendicular
to the tooth axis.
C-plane(C):tangential plane of tooth.
Fig.4
Micrographs of horizontal semithin sections (B-plane) cut along the arrows
4a-c in Figure 5a, and schematically illustrated in Figure 5b. All the sections
are viewed from the cervical direction. a. A horizontal plane sectioned
along the middle of parazone (arrow 4a). The row of enamel prisms (arrowheads)
are tilted to the right with respect to the enamel-dentin junction. These
row of prisms are inclined at an angle of 25$B!,(Jto the longitudinal plane
(arrow, bar). b. A horizontal plane sectioned near boundaries between parazone
and diazone (arrow 4b). The row of prisms (arrowheads) are tilted to the
right immediately from the enamel-dentin junction and change angles to the
left near the forming surface. c. A horizontal plane sectioned along the
middle of diazone(arrow 4c). The row of enamel prisms (arrowheads) are tilted
to the left.$B!!(JThese row of prisms are oriented at an angle of 50$B!,(Jto the
longitudinal plane (arrow, bar). $B!_(J240.
Fig.5
a. Micrograph of a longitudinal semithin section (A-plane) of a canine tooth
cut parallel to the tooth axis. Parazone (p) and diazone (d) of Hunter-Schreger
bands are arranged alternately, partly showing both confluence and divergence
of zones(*). Arrows 4a and 4b are situated at the middle of parazone and
diazone respectively. Arrow 4b is situated near the boundary$B!!(Jbetween diazone
and parazone. Ab ameloblast. E enamel. D dentin. $B!_(J240. b. Diagram showing
a three-dimensional relationship between the longitudinal section (A-plane)
and horizontal sections (B-plane).
Fig.6
A montage micrograph of longitudinal (A-plane, 6a) and horizontal (B-plane,
6b) sections. The cutting edge of the horizontal section (lower, 6b) which
is identical to Figure 4a, adjusted to that of the longitudinal section
(upper, 6a). It appears that the prisms in parazone is in fact oriented
at an angle of 25$B!,(Jto the longitudinal plane.
Ab ameloblast, E enamel, D dentin, p Parazone, d Diazone, $B!_(J240.
Fig.7
Enlargement of Figure 5a. The morphology of Tomes' processes in parazone
(P) differs from those of the ameloblasts (Ab) in diazone (D). $B!_(J500.
Fig.8-9
Transmission electron micrographs of Tomes' processes in the A-plane. The
triangular
(Fig.8) or square (Fig.9) contours of the Tomes' processes consist of a
secretory face(S) and
nonsecretory face (N). There are differently sized secretory granules and
membrane-bounded
structures on the side of the secretory face. $B!_(J11000.
Fig.10
Combined light micrographs showing a tangential semithin section at 84 um
distinct from the enamel-dentin junction (10a) and a longitudinal semithin
section (10b) made immediately after cutting the tangential section. A single
belt-like zone consists of a group of enamel prisms inclined in the same
direction. Groups of prisms are divided to prisms oriented to the right
on A-plane (p1-8) and prisms oriented to the left (d1-7). The densely stained
boundaries between the adjacent belt-like zones correspond to those between
diazone and parazone. $B!_(J250.
Fig.11
Scanning electron micrograph of the developing enamel surface cleaned of
cellular component using the cell-maceration method. Enamel surface consists
of many pits, each$B!!(Jconsisting of flat face(S) and enclosing face(N). $B!_(J12000.
Fig.12
Similar preparation as Fig.11. Groups of pits with a flat face inclined
in the same direction are shown to be arranged in a band like zone. The
pits in neighboring groups are inclined in opposite directions. At the boundaries
between neighboring groups, there are narrow zone of small, round pits with
flat faces directed perpendicular to the developing enamel surface.$B!!!_(J1650.
Fig.13-15
Three-dimensional reconstructed display of groups of enamel prisms (p1-8,
d1-7) marked in Figure 10 extending 26-86 um from the enamel-dentin junction.
These images are displayed as looking obliquely to the enamel-dentin junction
to show both tangential(left side) and longitudinal(right side) section.
Fig.13 Extracted images of groups of enamel prisms (p1-8) oriented to the
right showing arrangement with partial confluence and divergence. Fig.14
Groups of enamel prisms (d1-7) oriented to the left. Fig.15 A combined image
of Figures 13 and 14. Groups of enamel prisms oriented to the left are made
half transport.
Fig.16 Diagrammatic model of dog enamel showing a three-dimensional arrangement
of enamel
prisms patterns. Light and dark zones represent two groups of enamel prisms
oriented to$B!!(Jopposite directions. Note confluence and divergence in arrangement
of the two groups of$B!!(Jprisms.
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processes and the
development of the microstructural organization of tooth enamel. In: Suga
S(ed) Mechanisms of tooth enamel formation. pp 65-89, Quintessence Tokyo
1983.
28) Wolf, J.: The comparative study on enamel:part 5. The prism orientation.
J.Stomatol Soc. 12:
1-11, 1938.
$B!ZIU?^@bL@![!!!!(J
{$B!!$?$@$$$^!"IU?^$O%$%s%9%H!<%k=`HwCf$G$9!#!!(J}
Fig.1
Light micrograph of a longitudinal ground section of a dog canine tooth
stained with hematoxylin, showing dark (D) and light (P) zones each consisting
of prisms cut transversely(diazone) or longitudinally (parazone) respectively.
$B!_(J180.
Fig.2
Scanning electron micrograph of a fractured surface of a dog molar tooth
fractured$B!!(Jparallel to the tooth axis, parazone (p) and diazone(d) of Hunter-Schreger
bands alternate at$B!!(Jequal intervals. E enamel. D dentin. $B!_(J270.
Fig.3
Diagram showing the direction of sectioning planes. A-plane(A):longitudinal
plane$B!!(Jparallel to the tooth axis. B-plane(B): horizontal plane perpendicular
to the tooth axis.
C-plane(C):tangential plane of tooth.
Fig.4
Micrographs of horizontal semithin sections (B-plane) cut along the arrows
4a-c in Figure 5a, and schematically illustrated in Figure 5b. All the sections
are viewed from the cervical direction. a. A horizontal plane sectioned
along the middle of parazone (arrow 4a). The row of enamel prisms (arrowheads)
are tilted to the right with respect to the enamel-dentin junction. These
row of prisms are inclined at an angle of 25$B!,(Jto the longitudinal plane
(arrow, bar). b. A horizontal plane sectioned near boundaries between parazone
and diazone (arrow 4b). The row of prisms (arrowheads) are tilted to the
right immediately from the enamel-dentin junction and change angles to the
left near the forming surface. c. A horizontal plane sectioned along the
middle of diazone(arrow 4c). The row of enamel prisms (arrowheads) are tilted
to the left.$B!!(JThese row of prisms are oriented at an angle of 50$B!,(Jto the
longitudinal plane (arrow, bar). $B!_(J240.
Fig.5
a. Micrograph of a longitudinal semithin section (A-plane) of a canine tooth
cut parallel to the tooth axis. Parazone (p) and diazone (d) of Hunter-Schreger
bands are arranged alternately, partly showing both confluence and divergence
of zones(*). Arrows 4a and 4b are situated at the middle of parazone and
diazone respectively. Arrow 4b is situated near the boundary$B!!(Jbetween diazone
and parazone. Ab ameloblast. E enamel. D dentin. $B!_(J240. b. Diagram showing
a three-dimensional relationship between the longitudinal section (A-plane)
and horizontal sections (B-plane).
Fig.6
A montage micrograph of longitudinal (A-plane, 6a) and horizontal (B-plane,
6b) sections. The cutting edge of the horizontal section (lower, 6b) which
is identical to Figure 4a, adjusted to that of the longitudinal section
(upper, 6a). It appears that the prisms in parazone is in fact oriented
at an angle of 25$B!,(Jto the longitudinal plane.
Ab ameloblast, E enamel, D dentin, p Parazone, d Diazone, $B!_(J240.
Fig.7
Enlargement of Figure 5a. The morphology of Tomes' processes in parazone
(P) differs from those of the ameloblasts (Ab) in diazone (D). $B!_(J500.
Fig.8-9
Transmission electron micrographs of Tomes' processes in the A-plane. The
triangular
(Fig.8) or square (Fig.9) contours of the Tomes' processes consist of a
secretory face(S) and
nonsecretory face (N). There are differently sized secretory granules and
membrane-bounded
structures on the side of the secretory face. $B!_(J11000.
Fig.10
Combined light micrographs showing a tangential semithin section at 84 um
distinct from the enamel-dentin junction (10a) and a longitudinal semithin
section (10b) made immediately after cutting the tangential section. A single
belt-like zone consists of a group of enamel prisms inclined in the same
direction. Groups of prisms are divided to prisms oriented to the right
on A-plane (p1-8) and prisms oriented to the left (d1-7). The densely stained
boundaries between the adjacent belt-like zones correspond to those between
diazone and parazone. $B!_(J250.
Fig.11
Scanning electron micrograph of the developing enamel surface cleaned of
cellular component using the cell-maceration method. Enamel surface consists
of many pits, each$B!!(Jconsisting of flat face(S) and enclosing face(N). $B!_(J12000.
Fig.12
Similar preparation as Fig.11. Groups of pits with a flat face inclined
in the same direction are shown to be arranged in a band like zone. The
pits in neighboring groups are inclined in opposite directions. At the boundaries
between neighboring groups, there are narrow zone of small, round pits with
flat faces directed perpendicular to the developing enamel surface.$B!!!_(J1650.
Fig.13-15
Three-dimensional reconstructed display of groups of enamel prisms (p1-8,
d1-7) marked in Figure 10 extending 26-86 um from the enamel-dentin junction.
These images are displayed as looking obliquely to the enamel-dentin junction
to show both tangential(left side) and longitudinal(right side) section.
Fig.13 Extracted images of groups of enamel prisms (p1-8) oriented to the
right showing arrangement with partial confluence and divergence. Fig.14
Groups of enamel prisms (d1-7) oriented to the left. Fig.15 A combined image
of Figures 13 and 14. Groups of enamel prisms oriented to the left are made
half transport.
Fig.16 Diagrammatic model of dog enamel showing a three-dimensional arrangement
of enamel
prisms patterns. Light and dark zones represent two groups of enamel prisms
oriented to$B!!(Jopposite directions. Note confluence and divergence in arrangement
of the two groups of$B!!(Jprisms.